The Gaillac experimental area, located in Tarn, France, faces a number of challenges today, including: — Water scarcity and water stress, as well as the need for adaptation to climate change. — Soils impoverished in organic matter. — Control of pests and diseases in grape crops. — Reduced grape yield and decrease in wine consumption. Through the implementation and monitoring of the improvement actions in the IV, it seeks to address these challenges and at the same time, promote biodiversity, preserve cultural heritage and strengthen the resilience of the territory to climate change. The actions will be carried out in two models of vineyards, the experimental vineyard of the IFV as a “green” model and another vineyard in Gaillac as a “conventional” model with less IV. They comprise: 1. Diagnosis of aerial biodiversity in the vineyard. 2. The development of a temperature map in the experimental vineyard to identify freshness areas and their relationship with Actions IV, as well as their impact on vines. 3. Experimental test on SSEEs provided by plant cover, such as green fertilisers and temporary or permanent herbaceous covers. Aspects such as nitrogen supply, storage and release of water for vines (using biomass, nitrogen and carbon soil analysis, humidity and temperature sensors, structural stability, etc.) and associated biodiversity will be analysed. 4. In the green vineyard, a study of the hives and a pollen analysis will be carried out to determine where the bees meet in the different Actions IV of the Vinnopôle. With these actions, we hope to move towards a more sustainable and resilient management of vineyards of high ecological value, addressing current challenges and promoting the conservation of the natural and cultural environment.
